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获颁航天功勋奖章，张陆、武飞、张洪章是谁？_我的网站

一 |     中共中央、国务院、中央军委20日决定，给张陆颁发“二级航天功勋奖章”，授予武飞、张洪章“英雄航天员”荣誉称号并颁发“三级航天功勋奖章”。    

    Trade File photo: VCG
Months-long American export license delays are costing the US billions in exports and eroding American market share globally, the US-China Business Council (USCBC) said in a flash survey released on Tuesday.
The survey noted that poorly calibrated US export controls weaken American companies in China, ceding market share to foreign competitors while reducing the profits available for research and development (R&D). 
Designed originally to safeguard national security and serve legitimate foreign policy interests, the US export licensing system has become increasingly politicized, gradually turning into a political tool that obstructs normal economic and trade exchanges. The USCBC survey serves as a stark reminder of how such overreach has backfired on American companies.
In recent years, US politicians have clung to the misplaced belief that restricting exports of advanced goods and core technologies would slow the upgrading of China's tech industry and secure America's technological supremacy. Yet, they overestimated their leverage, while grossly underestimating the developmental resilience that China has built over decades of growth.
Today's China is no longer a passive follower or technology importer. Instead, it has grown into a robust innovation powerhouse with complete industrial chains and strong endogenous driving forces in numerous key technological sectors. Rather than stifling China's technological progress, America's escalating containment measures have only forced China to accelerate industrial upgrading and supply chain optimization.
In the meantime, while US politicians have been indulging in the illusion of building a "tech wall" through licensing restrictions, the self-inflicted damage to the US has grown increasingly impossible to ignore. Reuters reported in August 2025 that thousands of license applications by US companies to export goods and technology around the globe, including to China, were in limbo because turmoil at the agency in charge of approving them had left it nearly paralyzed.
The USCBC survey also listed license delays as the most common challenge identified by 95 percent of companies. For items bound for Chinese customers, two-thirds of companies have had licenses pending for at least three months, exceeding the US Commerce Department's statutory requirements to process applications within 90 days, and 31 percent have had licenses pending for one to two years.
As a result, American tech companies can only watch helplessly as orders that once belonged to them flow to suppliers in other countries. These licensing delays not only impose administrative costs far exceeding expectations, but also severely disrupt normal cross‑border commerce. From semiconductor components to high‑end industrial materials, and from aerospace ancillary products to cutting‑edge research instruments, countless routine trade transactions have been artificially severed. The market advantages that US firms took years to forge is being eroded by the very policies meant to protect them.
From a deeper economic perspective, the export licensing system is particularly lethal to America's innovation ecosystem. Usually, companies allocate a significant portion of their revenue to R&D and technological innovation. However, if the products resulting from these investments cannot be sold in a major market, investment returns will be affected, and the incentive for companies to continue investing in innovation will be undermined. As underscored by the USCBC survey, the export licensing regime diminishes America's ability to innovate and undermines US economic security.
In trying to contain China's industrial rise, the US has ended up undermining its own interests, laying bare the fundamental divide between two development paths. On one hand, the US attempts to fragment global industrial chains through administrative intervention, trade barriers and technological "decoupling" to sustain its dominant position. Yet, such obstructive practices only undermine the competitiveness of domestic industries and weaken America's own innovative vitality.
On the other side, China adheres to high-standard opening-up and win-win cooperation. By continuously opening its vast domestic market and providing foreign companies with a stable business environment, China has built a mutually beneficial global industrial collaboration network. China understands that genuine competitiveness comes from sustained independent innovation, sophisticated industrial supporting systems and market vitality. Precisely because China has chosen to expand openness and deepen cooperation, it has demonstrated remarkable resilience in the face of external containment and constructed a globally integrated supply network.
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二 |                    2025年10月30日，神舟二十一号载人飞行任务新闻发布会在酒泉卫星发射中心举行。中国载人航天工程新闻发言人张静波在会上表示，经任务总指挥部研究决定，执行神舟二十一号载人飞行任务的航天员乘组由航天驾驶员张陆、飞行工程师武飞、载荷专家张洪章组成，张陆担任指令长。

三 | 图/中国载人航天工程办公室          　　2025年10月31日，神舟二十一号载人飞船成功发射，航天员张陆、武飞、张洪章驾乘飞船顺利进驻天和核心舱，在轨驻留7个月，先后进行3次出舱活动，完成110余项空间站建设升级维护维修任务，开展一系列空间科学实验与技术试验，于2026年5月29日安全返回。         　　神舟二十一号载人飞行任务，是我国载人航天工程进入空间站应用与发展阶段的第6次载人飞行任务，创造神舟飞船与空间站交会对接最快纪录，刷新中国航天员单个乘组在轨驻留时间最长纪录。         　　此外，神舟二十一号乘组在轨亲身经历和见证了中国载人航天工程史上首次飞船受空间碎片撞击推迟返回、首次航天员乘组换船返回、首次飞船应急发射等历史时刻。         　　张陆：刷新中国航天员个人出舱活动次数纪录          　　张陆，籍贯湖南汉寿，硕士学位；1976年11月出生，1996年8月入伍；曾任空军某训练基地某团司令部空战射击主任，被评为空军一级飞行员；2010年5月入选为中国第二批航天员；2022年11月，执行神舟十五号载人飞行任务，2023年9月，被授予“英雄航天员”荣誉称号，并获“三级航天功勋奖章”。                   图/中国载人航天工程办公室          　　张陆时隔两年再上太空并担任指令长，累计进行7次舱外活动，创造中国航天员个人出舱活动次数新纪录。

四 | 空间站任务以来，中国航天员一共执行了26次出舱任务，其中张陆个人参与了7次。他直言，这些数字，见证的并不仅仅是自己个人的成长，更是中国载人航天事业的发展。“我很幸运，不仅是我国航天事业发展的见证者，更是参与者。”                    资料图：4月17日在北京航天飞行控制中心屏幕上拍摄的神舟二十一号乘组航天员武飞(左)与张陆准备出舱的画面。张帆 摄          　　神舟二十一号任务结束，张陆从太空带回一个苹果，苹果上写着“平安”二字。张陆回应说：“这承载着我们所有航天人的共同心声——祝愿我们的航天事业欣欣向荣，祝愿我们每一次任务平安顺遂。”          　　武飞：中国最年轻的航天员          　　武飞，籍贯内蒙古包头，硕士学位；1993年10月出生，2021年1月入伍；曾任中国航天科技集团有限公司工程师；2020年9月，作为航天飞行工程师入选为中国第三批航天员。

五 |                    图/中国载人航天工程办公室          　　武飞首次飞天即3次出舱，成为我国执行载人飞行任务最年轻的航天飞行工程师。

六 | 成为航天员前，武飞曾参与天和核心舱、问天实验舱研制工作，是空间站上天前最早测试、守护舱体设备的科研人员之一。他说，在地面作为一名工程师时，自己的任务是通过严苛的真空热试验来模拟太空极端环境，去考验空间站的每一寸“肌肤”和每一根“血管”。“可以说，我是这个‘太空之家’出生前，最早触摸和聆听它心跳的人之一。”                    资料图：4月17日在北京航天飞行控制中心屏幕上拍摄的神舟二十一号乘组航天员武飞在舱外工作的画面。张帆 摄          　　神舟二十一号任务中，武飞亲自入驻了自己曾经在地面呵护过的“太空家园”。

七 | 从“守护空间站的工程师”，变成“入驻空间站的航天员”，武飞感慨，一种“回家”的亲切感和踏实感油然而生。         　　张洪章：“天上”人做“天下”事          　　张洪章，籍贯山东邹平，博士学位；1986年4月出生，2013年7月参加工作，中国科学院研究员；2020年9月，作为载荷专家入选为中国第三批航天员。                   图/中国载人航天工程办公室          　　作为中国第二位叩问苍穹的载荷专家，他曾说：“‘天上’人做‘天下’事，‘天上’事靠‘天下’人。”这句话不仅道出了航天系统的庞大与复杂，需要天地一心的默契配合，更暗藏着他科研报国的热忱——在太空取得的科研成果终将在神州大地生根发芽、造福百姓。                   资料图：神舟二十一号航天员张洪章出舱。

八 | 汪江波 摄          　　在神舟二十一号航天员乘组返回后与记者见面会上，张洪章介绍说，神舟二十一号任务期间，在轨实(试)验实现了多项国内技术突破：国内首次实现了樱桃番茄和小麦在轨气雾培养，验证了光谱和水肥的高效利用等关键技术；国内首次实现了小鼠的空间密闭在轨饲养，为后续开展空间哺乳动物实验奠定了技术基础。         　　作为一名科技工作者，张洪章曾寄语年轻一代，科研之路要勇于创新、善于协作、勤于实践，沉下心持续积累。我们国家航天事业、各类前沿科技领域，永远渴求愿意坐冷板凳、肯吃苦、有家国情怀的青年人才，只要心怀“国之大者”，勤学笃行、稳步向前，不断打磨自身本领，就终能走出属于自己、也能报效家国的宽阔道路，在属于自己的领域发光发热。         　　编辑：梁静          　　审校：魏园          　　责编：马学玲          　　(中新社微信公众号)                【编辑:王琴】。

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Published on:20:19:43