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一 |     　　柳州8月21日(林馨 吴成义)日前，在广西柳州工务机械段智慧仿真实训基地，屏幕上展示的大型养路机械模型精细到每一个零部件。    

         
On the blue track inside the National Speed Skating Oval, robots chased each other in the 400-meter race. A sprinting Tien Kung robot was tripped by a rival robot lying on the track but did not fall. Instead, it adjusted its posture in seconds and continued toward the finish line with a result of 38.15 seconds, breaking human 400-meter race world record of 43.03 seconds, held by South African athlete Wayde van Niekerk. 
This scene unfolded on Sunday, the first official competition day of the 2nd World Humanoid Robot Games (WHRG). Later that evening, a humanoid robot named Lightning, developed by Honor Co., broke the long-standing human 1,500-meter world record of 3:26 set by Moroccan athlete Hicham El Guerrouj with a time of 2:30.22. Just one night earlier, during the opening ceremony's 100-meter sprint and high jump demonstrations, humanoid robots had already shattered records long held by human athletes Usain Bolt and Javier Sotomayor — merely an appetizer for the five-day sci-fi spectacle.
The Games have attracted 666 teams from 16 countries across six continents, up 138 percent from its inaugural edition. The number of participating robots quadrupled to 2,056, the Global Times learned from the organizing committee.
Yet the biggest change this year was not only the scale, but also the technological maturity. More teams have shifted from remote-controlled robots to fully autonomous systems. Chinese observers, after watching several events, said humanoid robots are no longer limited to simple demonstrations of walking or dancing. Increasingly, they are being tested in environments that demand speed, coordination, perception and decision-making.
From movement to intelligence

Behind the record-breaking performances are a series of technological upgrades. During the running events, Global Times reporters observed that robots were able to make subtle movements around their hip joints while walking, allowing them to maintain balance and produce movements closer to human biomechanics.
Guo Yijie, technical director of Tien Kung Ultra, said the improvement came from advances in hardware design.
"Robot joints have improved in torque and speed. As competitions demand higher power output, the reliability of the main control board, power board and high-power battery discharge capability have become increasingly important," Guo told the Global Times.
According to Guo, the same Tien Kung Ultra robot was used in both sprinting and jumping events. For running, the waist needs rotation to balance the inertia generated by leg movements. For jumping, the upper body requires pitching movement to help the robot achieve greater distance or height, Guo said, noting that these can all be achieved with only slight adjustments to the waist configuration were needed, and it highly demonstrated to the robot design's flexibility.
Besides the hardware upgrades, developments in robots' faster decision-making in "brains' is better showcased in football competitions.
The Booster T2 robot used by many domestic and overseas football teams has increased its onboard computing capability by 10 times compared with the previous generation. The time from recognizing the goal to deciding whether to pass or shoot has been reduced to around 100 milliseconds - faster than the time humans usually need to blink.
Cheng Hao, a technical representative from Boosters Robotics, said the improvement represents an "end-to-end" transformation in embodied intelligence.
"In the past, robots relied on separate steps: perception, planning, decision-making and execution. Each stage was disconnected. Now, with an end-to-end motion foundation model, visual input can directly generate joint control commands," Cheng said.
The newly introduced table tennis and tennis competitions are also testing another important capability: perception.
"Robots are moving from simply recognizing the three-dimensional position of a ball to understanding the movement information of opponents and more complex environments," said Li Yinghui, a postdoc researcher and the leader from the Hong Kong University team at the table tennis event. Such capabilities developed in sports scenarios could eventually be transferred to other scenarios in industries or daily life, Li said. 
Beyond entertainment
Though clips from the robot competitions have made a buzz on social media, with some critics from Western media questioning why robots need to dance, play football or compete in athletics while arguing that these activities appear far from everyday needs.
Zhou Changjiu, Vice President of the RoboCup Federation and the Robotics Competition Association of the Asia-Pacific (RCAP), stressed robot sports are not designed for entertainment alone. "Robot competitions are testing the capabilities needed for humanoid robots to enter the real world," Zhou told the Global Times.
Different events evaluate different abilities. Sprinting tests speed, marathons examine battery endurance and energy management, while football provides a comprehensive test because of its dynamic and unpredictable nature, testing intelligence, manipulation, interaction, safety, cost and trust at the same time, Zhou said.
Unlike a single-task demonstration, football requires robots to cooperate. Players must understand their own roles, recognize teammates and opponents, and make collective decisions - a form of swarm intelligence that could become essential when robots work together in homes, factories and emergency rescue environments.
Entertainment, however, can generate business opportunities. Gu Jinghai, brand director of EYOU Robot Co, told the Global Times that the company sold 95,000 integrated joints in China in 2025 and expects sales to exceed 1 million units in 2026. Growth mainly comes from planetary joints used in entertainment robots, while harmonic joints for industrial robots are also expanding steadily, he said. 
Jiao Jichao, an executive from UBTECH Robotics, said the criticism that "Chinese robots can only sing and dance" reflects only a temporary stage of development. "Performance and dancing are also real commercial demands, and their existence has value," Jiao said. "Beyond entertainment, Chinese robots are already demonstrating intelligent capabilities that support practical applications in manufacturing, and partnerships with companies including Huawei and Foxconn, where robots have already entered production lines in small-scale applications."
The Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of China stated that the country will construct a comprehensive cultivation system for future industries including the embody intelligence as new economic growth drivers.
Zhou said the development of humanoid robots is not only about individual machines, but about building an entire ecosystem.
China's advantage lies in its complete supply chain, abundant application scenarios and manufacturing capabilities, while the fast growing industry still faces challenges such as the lack of unified standards.
Gu said the company has launched mass production of robotics joint under domestic standard of auto parts. 
Robot competitions can help address these issues by creating common standards in areas such as competition rules, robot dimensions, communication systems, batteries and joint modules. "As applications expand, the cost of key robot components will continue to decline," Zhou said. 
"Numbers are magic," Zhou said. "If producing one robot costs a huge amount because it is handmade, producing one million robots will completely change the cost structure."
For humanoid robots, the race taking place inside the Ice Ribbon may not ultimately be about who crosses the finish line first. It may be about whether these machines can learn to navigate the far more complicated race outside the stadium - the race into the real world.
。学员轻点鼠标，这台“变形大机车”的各个部位随即清晰呈现，可能出现的隐患点也一目了然。图为学员通过大型养路机械智慧仿真实训平台进行模拟练习。林馨 摄　　近年来，修复线路变形的核心设备——大型养路机械(下称“大机”)应用广泛。依托大型养路机械智慧仿真实训平台，学员手握操纵杆，眼前屏幕上线路、信号、道岔飞速掠过，车身随之震动，体感实时同步模拟，如同置身真实作业现场。　　柳州工务机械段职教科科长廖盛湖介绍，这套系统的诞生，源于长期困扰行业的培训困境。

二 | 大机结构复杂，操控难度大，安全标准要求极高，容不得丝毫失误。　　2023年，中国铁路南宁局集团有限公司针对上述难题，在柳州工务机械段启动广西首个智慧仿真实训平台研发。

三 | 平台操作台按1∶1比例复刻真车，还原操纵手感、仪表显示、安全设备联动逻辑，学员随时可练，不再依赖施工间隙。硬件采用模块化设计，可快速换装适配不同车型。平台还搭载数字孪生技术，将百里之外的线路环境搬进教室，雨天、夜间、隧道等复杂工况一键切换。图为学员通过大型养路机械智慧仿真实训平台学习。林馨 摄　　过去学员只能“见缝插针”利用施工间歇上车练习，上车机会少、操作空间小，新手失误易损坏设备甚至危及线路行车安全。而突发故障、非正常行车等真正考验应急处置能力的高危场景，实车无法模拟。“有了这个平台，就能先上‘模拟驾驶舱’了。”廖盛湖说。　　2021年到柳州工务机械段工作的黄云铃对此感触颇深。

四 | 她仍记得第一次跟师傅到大机车上时的情景。“当时很怕失误不敢操作，师傅让拧什么开关就拧，一点点拧了几个月才熟悉下来。”　　黄云铃认为，有了大机智慧仿真实训平台，平时就能放手练习。

五 | “比如这条线路模拟的是从柳州到南宁区间，路边的每棵树、每盏路灯都根据实地数据建模。”她一边演示一边介绍，油路堵塞、制动失灵、电气故障，乃至异物侵线、区间被迫停车等突发状况，都可在虚拟场景中反复练习，虚实联动，既练技术，也练心态。　　下一步，柳州工务机械段将持续迭代优化大机智慧仿真实训平台，丰富各类作业模拟场景，依托数字化实训阵地常态化开展实操教学、考试，着力培育理论功底扎实、实操本领过硬的线路养护专业技能人才。

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Published on:21:13:05